ABSTRACT
El botulismo se presenta como una enfermedad de distribución mundial, rara pero potencialmente mortal, de rápida evolución. Es una emergencia médica y epidemiológica y a los fines de la vigilancia, requiere notificación individual e inmediata. En el presente informe se describen medidas de prevención y control, y medidas de educación y prevención.
Subject(s)
Botulism/diagnosis , Botulism/prevention & control , Botulism/epidemiology , Food/toxicity , Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
This review reports the leading causes of death in feedlot beef cattle. It describes economic losses resulting from these deaths and suggests control alternatives. Diseases associated with the respiratory and digestive systems were the most frequently observed. In different geographical areas, the importance of each one might vary. Outbreaks of diseases such as botulism occur occasionally and can cause important economic losses. Cattle tick fever can cause significant losses in zones of enzootic tick instability. Technical assistance and sanitary and food management are critical for the best productivity in feedlot cattle.(AU)
Esta revisão discute as principais causas de morte em bovinos de corte em confinamento. Descreve as perdas econômicas resultantes dessas mortes e sugere alternativas de controle. As doenças associadas aos sistemas respiratório e digestivo foram as mais frequentemente observadas. Em diferentes áreas geográficas, a importância de cada uma pode variar. Surtos de doenças como o botulismo ocorrem ocasionalmente e podem causar importantes perdas econômicas. A tristeza parasitária bovina pode causar perdas significativas em zonas de instabilidade enzoótica do carrapato. A assistência técnica e um bom gerenciamento sanitário e alimentar são essenciais para a melhor produtividade em bovinos de corte confinados.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Pneumonia/mortality , Pneumonia/prevention & control , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Acidosis, Lactic/mortality , Acidosis, Lactic/prevention & control , Acidosis, Lactic/epidemiology , Botulism/prevention & control , Botulism/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/mortality , Flatulence/mortality , Flatulence/prevention & control , Flatulence/epidemiology , Cause of DeathABSTRACT
Presentación de dos casos notificados el 24 de diciembre de 2016 a la Gerencia Operativa de Epidemiología de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires por la Dirección de Epidemiología Nacional, sospechosos de botulismo alimentario en integrantes de una familia, e internados en efectores públicos y privados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se describen el cuadro clínico y el tratamiento recibido, la evolución de los pacientes, la patología de la enfermedad, y acciones de vigilancia epidemiológica: definición de casos sospechosos, de casos notificados, y notificación de la enfermedad. Incluye datos de instituciones de referencia en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, para atención de esta patología
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Aged , Botulinum Toxins/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins/toxicity , Botulism/pathology , Botulism/prevention & control , Botulism/therapy , Botulism/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Disease Notification , Epidemiological Monitoring , Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Botulinum neurotoxins, causative agents of botulism in humans, are produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic spore-former Gram positive bacillus. Botulinum neurotoxin poses a major bioweapon threat because of its extreme potency and lethality; its ease of production, transport, and misuse; and the need for prolonged intensive care among affected persons. A single gram of crystalline toxin, evenly dispersed and inhaled, can kill more than one million people. The basis of the phenomenal potency of botulinum toxin is enzymatic; the toxin is a zinc proteinase that cleaves neuronal vesicle associated proteins responsible for acetylcholine release into the neuromuscular junction. As a military or terrorist weapon, botulinum toxin could be disseminated via aerosol or by contamination of water or food supplies, causing widespread casualties. A fascinating aspect of botulinum toxin research in recent years has been development of the most potent toxin into a molecule of significant therapeutic utility. It is the first biological toxin which is licensed for treatment of human diseases. In the late 1980s, Canada approved use of the toxin to treat strabismus, in 2001 in the removal of facial wrinkles and in 2002, the FDA in the United States followed suit. The present review focuses on both warfare potential and medical uses of botulinum neurotoxin.
Subject(s)
Biological Warfare Agents , Botulinum Toxins/antagonists & inhibitors , Botulinum Toxins/genetics , Botulinum Toxins/pharmacology , Botulinum Toxins/toxicity , Botulism/epidemiology , Botulism/physiopathology , Botulism/prevention & control , Clostridium botulinum/chemistry , Dyskinesias/drug therapy , Humans , Spasm/drug therapy , Strabismus/drug therapyABSTRACT
O botulismo é uma doença infecciosa, neuroparalítica, envolvendo a placa motora, causada pela toxina produzida pelo Clostridium botulinum. Apresenta impacto significativo quando de sua ocorrência, com relação à gravidade dos quadros produzidos. Os autores revisam os aspectos mais relevantes da doença.
The bolulism is a neuroparalitic disease caused by toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum with important impact in public health. In this article is presented a review with the most relevant aspects of the botulism.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Botulism/complications , Botulism/diagnosis , Botulism/epidemiology , Botulism/therapy , Botulism/etiology , Botulism/physiopathology , Botulism/prevention & control , Clostridium botulinum/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Contiene: Microbiología; 2. Patogenia/fisiopatología; 3. Aspectos clínicos; 4. Aspectos epidemiológicos; 5. Diagnóstico de laboratorio; 6. Diagnóstico diferencial; 7. Procedimientos para la vigilancia epidemiológica; 8. Medidas de prevención y control